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MIT18.01-Exam1
2026-04-03 14:47
2026-04-03 15:36
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  1. (10 pts.) Find the tangent line to y=13x2y = \frac{1}{3}x^2 at x=1x = 1

    Since y=23xy' = \frac{2}{3}x.

    We have y(0)=1302=0\sout{y(0) = \frac{1}{3} \cdot 0^2 = 0} and y(0)=230=0\sout{y'(0) = \frac{2}{3} \cdot 0 = 0}.

    Then yy(0)=y(0)(x0)y0=0(x0)y=0\sout{y - y(0) = y'(0)(x - 0) \Rightarrow y - 0 = 0 \cdot (x - 0) \Rightarrow y = 0}.

    So the tangent line is y=0\sout{y = 0}.

    We have y(1)=1312=13y(1) = \frac{1}{3} \cdot 1^2 = \frac{1}{3} and y(1)=231=23y'(1) = \frac{2}{3} \cdot 1 = \frac{2}{3}.

    Then yy(1)=y(1)(x1)y13=23(x1)y=23x13y - y(1) = y'(1)(x - 1) \Rightarrow y - \frac{1}{3} = \frac{2}{3} \cdot (x - 1) \Rightarrow y = \frac{2}{3}x - \frac{1}{3}.

  2. Find the derivative of the following functions:

    1. (7 pts.) x1x\frac{x}{\sqrt{1 - x}}

      (x1x)=(x(1x)12)=(1x)12+(x(12)(1x)32)=1312x(1x)1x(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1 - x}})' = (x(1-x)^{-\frac{1}{2}})' = (1-x)^{-\frac{1}{2}} + (x \cdot (-\frac{1}{2})(1-x)^{-\frac{3}{2}}) = \frac{1-\frac{\cancel{3} 1}{2}x}{(1-x)\sqrt{1-x}}

    2. (8 pts.) cos(2x)x\frac{\cos(2x)}{x}

      (cos(2x)x)=2xsin(2x)cos(2x)x2(\frac{\cos(2x)}{x})' = \frac{-2x \sin(2x) - \cos(2x)}{x^2}

    3. (5 pts.) e2f(x)=g(x)e^{2f(x)} = g(x)

      g(x)=(e2f(x))=2f(x)e2f(x)g'(x) = (e^{2f(x)})' = 2f'(x)e^{2f(x)}

    4. (5 pts.) ln(sinx)\ln(\sin x)

      (ln(sinx))=1sinxcosx=cotx(\ln(\sin x)) = \frac{1}{\sin x} \cdot \cos x = \cot x

  3. (15 pts.) Find dydx\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} for the function for the function yy defined implicitly by y4+xy=4y^4 + xy = 4 at x=3,y=1x = 3, y = 1.

    ddx(y4+xy)=(4y3)y+y+xy=y(4y3+x)+y\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}(y^4 + xy) = (4y^3)y' + y + xy' = y'(4y^3 + x) + y

    Since y4+xy=4y^4 + xy = 4 and ddx4=0\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x} 4 = 0.

    We have y(4y3+x)+y=0y'(4y^3 + x) + y = 0

    Then dydx=y=y4y3+x=1413+3=17\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = y' = -\frac{y}{4y^3 + x} = -\frac{1}{4 \cdot 1^3 + 3} = -\frac{1}{7} at x=3,y=1x = 3, y = 1.

  4. (15 pts.) Skipped.

  5. (15 pts.) Let

    f(x)={ax+b,x<1x4+x+1,x1f(x) = \begin{cases} ax+b, &x < 1 \\ x^4 + x + 1, &x \ge 1 \end{cases}

    Find all aa and bb such that the function f(x)f(x) is differentiable.

    f(x)={a,x<14x3+1,x>1f'(x) = \begin{cases} a, &x < 1 \\ 4x^3 + 1, &x > 1 \end{cases}

    So we have

    {ax+b=x4+x+1a=4x3+1\begin{cases} ax+b = x^4 + x + 1\\ a = 4x^3 + 1 \end{cases}

    at x=1x = 1.

    Then

    {a1+b=14+1+1a=413+1\begin{cases} a \cdot 1 +b = 1^4 + 1 + 1\\ a = 4 \cdot 1^3 + 1 \end{cases}

    And we can get a=5,b=2a = 5, b = -2.

  6. Evaluate these limits by relating them to a derivative.

    1. (5 pts.) Evaluate limx0(1+2x)101x\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{(1 + 2x)^{10}-1}{x}

      limx0(1+2x)101x=2limx0(1+2x)101102x=2(t10)t=1=20t9t=1=20\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{(1 + 2x)^{10}-1}{x} = 2 \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{(1 + 2x)^{10}-1^{10}}{2x} = 2 (t^{10})'|_{t = 1} = 20 t^9|_{t = 1} = 20

    2. (5 pts.) Evaluate limx0cosx1x\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sqrt{\cos x}-1}{x}

      limx0cosx1x=limx0cos(0+x)cos0x=(cost)t=0=(sint2cost)t=0=0\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sqrt{\cos x}-1}{x} =\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sqrt{\cos (0 + x)}-\sqrt{\cos 0}}{x} =(\sqrt{\cos t})'|_{t = 0} =(-\frac{\sin t}{2\sqrt{\cos t}})|_{t = 0} =0

  7. (10 pts.) Derive the formula ddxax=M(a)ax\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x} a^x = M(a)a^x directly from the definition of the derivative, and identity M(a)M(a) as a limit.

    ddxax=limΔx0ax+ΔxaxΔx=limΔx0axaΔxaxΔx=limΔx0ax(aΔx1)Δx=axlimΔx0aΔx1Δx=M(a)ax\begin{aligned} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x} a^x &= \lim_{\Delta x \rightarrow 0}\frac{a^{x + \Delta x} - a^x}{\Delta x} \\ &= \lim_{\Delta x \rightarrow 0}\frac{a^{x}a^{\Delta x} - a^x}{\Delta x} \\ &= \lim_{\Delta x \rightarrow 0}\frac{a^x(a^{\Delta x} - 1)}{\Delta x} \\ &= a^x \lim_{\Delta x \rightarrow 0}\frac{a^{\Delta x} - 1}{\Delta x} \\ &= M(a)a^x \\ \end{aligned}

    where M(a)=limΔx0aΔx1ΔxM(a) = \lim_{\Delta x \rightarrow 0}\frac{a^{\Delta x} - 1}{\Delta x}

MIT18.01-Exam1
https://blog.chiyo.uk/posts/2026/04/0314/
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千代有希=>
发布于
2026-04-03 14:47
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CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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